Appendix 1

Category

Academia

Manufacturing

Farmers & Veterinary Surgeon

Other

Farming methods

• Soil Management
  • Improving nutrients
  • Increase carbon sequestration
  • Offsetting carbon pollution through NPP
• Manure management
  • Anaerobic digestion
• Animal husbandry
  • Improving utilisation of feed
  • Improve fertility
  • Improve genetics
• Changes to procurement practices

• Regenerative farming techniques
  • No/minimal till
  • Cover crops and nitrogen fixing crops
  • Mixed rotations which include livestock
  • Nutrient management
  • Hedgerow and woodland management
• Productivity improvements
  • Animal and plant health
  • Basic knowledge exchange
  • Improved genetics
  • Energy efficiency
  • Precision farming 
  • Nutrition
  • Reproduction

• Precision agriculture
• Regenerative farming
  • Reduced inputs
  • Investments in Anaerobic Digestor plants
  • Soil
  • Afforestation
• Irrigation
• Production efficiency on farm
  • Whole carcass utilisation in processing
• Improve the genetic potential of farmed crops and animals to include sustainability traits in new varieties and breeds.

Energy

• Green energy
  • Closer connectivity between heating and cooling systems
  • Renewable energy
  • Changing energy grid
  • Enhanced efficiency in existing systems through energy conservation, monitoring and utilisation
• Crop breeding
  • Low energy rice and grain processing, potential for 90% energy reduction.

• Green energy
  • Removal of coal and fossil fuels
  • Renewable sources
  • Solar panels
  • Electric vehicles
• Energy use reduction

• Green energy
  • Through anaerobic digestion
  • On-site renewable sources

• Green energy
  • On-site renewable sources
  • Energy efficiency
  • Renewable sources
  • More efficient heating and cooling technology
  • Electrify equipment
  • Light Emitting Diodes (LED) lighting
• Energy minimisation

Farming inputs

• Integrated pest management (IPM)

• Targeted pesticide and agrochemical use.

• Alterations to fertiliser practises
  • Move from inorganic to organic fertilisers
  • Abated fertiliser due to supply in the UK
  • Reduced reliance on ammonium nitrate fertiliser

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Reduced reliance of Plant Protection Product (PPP)

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

• The advent of biopesticides

Land use

• Environmental Land Management (ELM)

• Trials associated with soil carbon

• Land use change

• Planting woody biomass

Consumer diet change

•  Protein self sufficiency

• Use of alternatives to imported protein sources.

• Diet change
  • Eat less red meat and shift to plant-based foods
  • Non-animal-based protein sources
  • Meat and dairy substitutes

Waste

• Food waste reduction

• Waste reduction and management
  • Zero waste to landfill
• Water recycling and reduction.

• Up-cycling of food waste

Packaging

• Food packaging material and weight changes.

• Packaging materials 
  • Net impact is negative as packaging protects and preserves products through the supply chain and the product loss that it prevents has a greater Greenhouse Gas (GHG) footprint than packaging itself.
  • Media and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) driven reduction of packaging (particularly substitution of plastics packaging by alternative materials) will increase GHG impact and must "follow the science" not rhetoric.
  • Including recycled content into primary food packaging.
  • Shift to recyclable petroleum based or biobased packaging materials.

• Packaging reduction
• Removal of single use plastics

Measurement

• Measuring of parameters

• Complete carbon footprints on-farm

• Benchmarking

• Industry data collection and performance tracking, Climate Change Agreements (CCA) sector etc.

• Better traceability
• Improved measurements of emissions.

Manufacturing

• Improved manufacturing efficiency

• Reduce rejection and reduce rework and achieve zero waste

• Deforestation policies among manufacturers

• Deforestation avoidance

Technology

• Innovation

• Increased use of high-tech production systems (glasshouses, Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA), hydroponics)

• Blockchain
• Glycol refrigeration

Transport

• Electric vehicles in supply chain

Processing methods

• New processing opportunities

Shelf-life

• Shelf-life extension

Retail

• Members delivering retail customers' commitments