Appendix 3

Category

Academia

Manufacturing

Farmers & veterinary surgeon

Other

Farming methods

• Gene editing

• For crop and livestock resilience
• Livestock and rumen microbes as part of the pangenome approach

• Land use

• Balance between for agriculture and for carbon storage

• Supply shed natural climate solutions

• Novel carbon-storing soil amendments (biochar, enhanced rock weathering)

• Alternatives to the Haber bosch process
• Controlled environment farming (urban)

Energy

• Green energy

• Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage - not in the food system, but uses land so will affect the food system
• Replace water heated, jacketed pipework with lower energy electrical systems
• Solar powered thermally efficient systems working at the 50-95 degree Celsius range.

• Energy reduction

• Green energy

• Governmental support for the development of new sustainable energy technologies to replace hydrocarbon use
• Clean hydrogen instead of methane as a gas supply.

• Fusion

• Green energy

• Electrification
• Decarbonisation of crop systems grown in poly tunnels
• Hydrogen economy investment by government
• Carbon credits for soil sequestration

Government

• Government investment
• Adoption of the National Food Strategy

Transport

• Shorter supply chains
• Reduced car use post Covid; reduced flying.

• Move to predominantly sea freighted / road transported imported produce away from Air freight.

• Vehicle electrification

Consumer diet change

• Public attitude and education, cultured meat expansion and acceptance and fermented meat substitutes expansion and acceptance.

• Reducing import of animal protein from high Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission intensity systems
• 'Quality not quantity' changes in consumer eating habits.

• Consumer being part of solution

• Novel foods
• Alternative protein production

Waste

• Development of circular economy principles to utilise waste streams

• Conversion or reduction of food waste

• Into 'fertiliser' at scale
• Valorisation of side streams
• Reducing food waste

• Recycling polypropylene

Packaging

• Bio-based materials in long-lived consumer and construction products

Measurement

• Better diagnostics and analytical approaches

• Measuring baselines on farm

• Measurement and monitoring of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and environmental performance

Technology

• Robotics, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developments on farm and in factory environment (Industry 4.0).