Working Group 6 July Interim Report; Annexe B

Appendix 2

What developments are in trial that have potential to roll out in the next ten years?

Last updated: 05 July 2022

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Table 2. Summary of responses: What developments are in trial that have potential to roll out in the next ten years?

Category	Academia	Manufacturing	Farmers & veterinary surgeon	Other
Farming methods	Animal breeding More efficient and resilient animals Lower carbon footprint Precision agriculture in crops and livestock Integration of arable and livestock systems Soil health	Sustainable intensification Lower carbon agronomy Crop production Leguminous plants co cropped with wheat to replace nitrogen fertiliser Nitrogen without CO2 Aquaculture Multi-stream culture systems (e.g., fish plus water plants such as watercress) Ocean farming and harvesting of seaweed	Crop production Mixed rotations Less use of manufactured fertilisers Perennial energy crops (miscanthus, willow) Crop inputs Reduced inputs and increased sequestration Reduced reliance on ammonium nitrate fertiliser-circular economy development Precision crop and livestock agriculture Improved reproductive performance Specific genetic progress Gene editing precision Regenerative agriculture techniques	Livestock-related developments e.g., intensive indoor dairy farming Acceleration of biopesticide use Slurry cooling to mitigate ammonia emissions Agroforestry/agri-ecology, precision agriculture, urban agriculture, vertical farming, advanced breeding techniques
Energy	Zero fossil fuel use Electrification Hydrogen generation plants Bio-hydrogen Ohmic and pulsed electric field heating	Refrigeration Improving efficiency Onsite energy generation Renewable energy Electricity generation Wind and solar are variable Tides are predictable Next generation technologies that consume less energy using advanced process control.	Green energy Electric generation Gas to grid Tractor biogas fuelling Land-based renewables and energy storage, for on-farm and export Reduced emissions methods Scrubbers and catalyst systems Anaerobic digestion to generate "negative emissions"	Green energy Hydrogen fuel for supply chain transport and factory Vehicle and machinery electrification
Animal feed	Alternative feed Biotechnology in feed ingredients, including generation of enzymes and supplements Reduce enteric fermentation's emission of methane - including archaeal suppressant commercial use Feed rations that deliver lowest carbon footprint per product (not just feed input) Home grown feed replacement of soya	Alternative sources of protein	Optimal nutrition including use of supplements to manage the rumen microbiome to reduce methane	Diet In cattle to reduce methane production Insect protein (including for aquaculture) Improvements to feed utilisation Alternatives to soya in feed formulation
Land use	Changes in subsidies to farmers will change land use especially in the uplands. Peatland restoration, farm woodland / agroforestry, more hedgerows, ELMS (Environmental Land Management Scheme)		Nature-based solutions Increased increments in hedges, new woodlands, soil carbon management Agroforestry	Optimising land for carbon sequestration
Consumer diet change	Dietary change Reduced meat and dairy consumption	Alternative sources of protein		More dairy and meat substitutes Novel proteins Cultured meat Minimally processed foods Eating less meat but higher quality Eat local
Waste	Use of former foods and utilisation of coproducts Reducing food waste Supply chain integration to reduce stocks and waste.	Circular economy principles for waste reduction NPD based on food by-products.	Endemic disease control to reduce the waste associated with disease and increased productivity	Measures to reduce food loss and waste Waste valorisation Abstraction of slurry Reduced food waste in home as a result of increased prices Recycling of non-PET 5
Packaging	Food packaging changes.	Closed loop recycling of plastic packaging		More information supplied on packs regarding carbon footprint of products Biobased packaging materials Closed loop packaging
Measurement	Better use of manures and measures to reduce N2O and NH3 loss on farm		Farmers using tools to measure what is going on farm
Manufacturing		Zero carbon factories Cellular agriculture to produce factory grown meat		Product and process redesign (net zero by design) redistributed manufacture.
Technology		Urban farms based on Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology for salad and similar crops.	New technologies Genetic Feed additives Feed proteins Robotics Drones Electric agricultural machinery

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