Appendix 4

Category

Academia

Manufacturing

Farmers & veterinary surgeon

Other

Farming methods

• Less food production in the UK especially of ruminants and probably wheat and barley
• Circular agriculture principles, precision farming

• Crop production inputs

• Move away from synthetic nitrogen-based fertiliser to more organic based
• Field carbon sequestration.
• Increased environmental hygiene risk (particularly Listeria mono) in non-competitive growing environments and post-harvest environments where less biocide use
• Increased product contamination risks (e.g., toxic weeds) due to lack of herbicide options
• Removal of food safety steps (e.g., product washing)

• Less process steps and eyes on crop to identify and remove physical contaminants Animal husbandry

• Use of novel feedstuffs
• Greater integration of livestock and arable farming in some areas

• Improved productivity per hectare (vertical farming)

Food safety risk

• Possibility of nutritional and some food safety risks

• Increased risk of zoonosis / animal derived pathogens – particularly with further intensification of livestock rearing
• Conditioners, amendments – potential for new risks and bad practice

Energy

• Long term energy security and resilience

Lower carbon emissions

• Lower carbon emissions

• Lower carbon emissions

• Reduction in carbon

• Lower carbon emissions

Process optimisation

• Progressive improvement in food processing cost

• Process optimisation

• Better use of the limited resources
• Better materials for the same shelf life

• Improvement in the efficiency of established models and supply chains.

Investment

• Higher investment

• Increased investment

Knowledge sharing

• Greater awareness

• Sharing best practice.

Better understanding of what food system we need

Land use

• Changes in land use
• Greater interest in the countryside and less respect for land ownership without delivering public benefit

• Changes in land management and food production

Attitudinal change

• Attitude shift in consumer demands (e.g., less meat consumption)

• 'Quality not quantity' changes in consumer eating habits

• Less meat consumption

Taxation

• Changes in taxation

Increased costs

• Higher costs

• Short term Opex increases
• In electricity

• Increased price of quality food

More complexity

• More complexity

Local procurement

• More local procurement

• Reducing import of animal protein from high Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission intensity systems

Waste

• Waste collection

Packaging

• Packaging redesign

Nutrition

• Better nutrition

Data

• More data and measurable

Technology

• Roboticisation and automation