General

Code of Practice

Last updated: 12 December 2024

Introduction

In line with the central government guidance and the Food Standards Agency (FSA) policy, each independent advisory committee that advises the FSA operates to a published Code of Practice (CoP) that sets out the key principles and procedures that govern the work of the Council.
The CoP is subject to periodic reviews by the Council and Secretariat, considering any updated guidance from Central Government, Parliament and the FSA; and changes to reflect experience and usage.

Purpose and Terms of Reference for the Science Council

The Science Council’s purpose is to help to ensure that the FSA identifies, sources, integrates and uses the best scientific evidence and expertise from all relevant disciplines to inform and evaluate its work.

The full terms of reference for the Science Council are contained in the Science Council Terms of Reference.

Public Service Values

All members must:
- Follow the guidance on the Seven Principles of Public Life, these being selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty and leadership.
- Observe the highest standards of impartiality, integrity and objectivity in relation to the advice they provide and the management of the Council;
- Be accountable, through the Board of the Food Standards Agency and Health Ministers, to Parliament and the public for its activities and for the standard of advice it provides. The Board of the FSA and Health Ministers are answerable to Parliament for the policies and performance of the Council, including the policy framework within which it operates.
- Comply with this Code, and ensure they understand their duties, rights and responsibilities, and that they are familiar with the function and role of this Council and any relevant statements of Government policy. If necessary, members should consider undertaking relevant training to assist them in carrying out their role;
- Not misuse information gained in the course of their public service for personal gain or for political purpose, nor seek to use the opportunity of public service to promote their private interests or those of connected persons, firms, businesses or other organisations; and
- Not hold any paid or high-profile unpaid posts in a political party, and not engage in specific political activities on matters directly affecting the work of this Council. When engaging in other political activities, Council members should be conscious of their public role and exercise proper discretion. These restrictions do not apply to MPs (in those cases where MPs are eligible to be appointed), to councillors, or to Peers in relation to their conduct in the House of Lords.

Roles and responsibilities

The role of Science Council Members

Members (including the Chair) have collective responsibility for the operation of the Council. They must:

engage fully in collective consideration of the issues, taking account of the full range of relevant factors, including any guidance issued by the Food Standards Agency or Health Ministers;
in accordance with Government policy on openness, ensure that they adhere to the Code of Practice on Access to Government Information (including prompt responses to public requests for information); agree an Annual Report; and, where practicable and appropriate, provide suitable opportunities to open the work of the Council to public scrutiny;
Not divulge any information which is provided to the Council in confidence;
Ensure that an appropriate response is provided to complaints and other correspondence, if necessary, with reference to the sponsor department; and
Ensure that the Council does not exceed its powers or functions.
Individual members should inform the Chair (or the Secretariat on his or her behalf) if they are invited to speak in public in their capacity as a Council member.
Individual Members can be removed from office by the Board of the Food Standards Agency, if they fail to perform the duties required of them in line with the standards expected in public office.

The role of the Science Council Chair

In addition to the responsibilities of a member, the Chair is responsible for:

Providing effective leadership on the issues within the Council’s terms of reference.
Ensuring that the Council meets at appropriate intervals and that the minutes of meetings and any reports to the Board of the Food Standards Agency accurately record the decisions taken and, where appropriate, the views of individual members;
Representing the views of the Council to the general public;
Ensuring that new members are briefed and providing an assessment of their performance, on request, when members are considered for re-appointment to the Council or for appointment to the board of some other public body.
Ensure that every member of the Council is heard and that no view is ignored or overlooked;
Ensure unorthodox and contrary scientific views are given a fair hearing;
Ensure that any significant diversity of opinion among the members of the Council is accurately reflected in the report and in any other communications with the FSA;
Advise on matters relating to FSA science as required by the FSA on an ad hoc basis or in emergencies
Engage with the wider networks of relevant experts including with the Chairs of SACs relevant to the FSA’s work;

The Role of the Secretariat

The role of the Secretariat is to:

Support the Council in developing and delivering its work programme;
Advise the Council on process and procedure;
Draw attention of the members to emerging issues of concern;
Ensure that the proceedings of the Council are properly documented so that there is a clear audit trail showing how the Council reached its decisions;
Keep an accurate public record of the work of the Council;
Ensure that the Council’s conclusions and advice are clearly reported to applicants, the FSA and where applicable the Board.

Feedback on performance

The Science Council Chair and all members will be asked to provide brief feedback on their experience on the Council each year to help the FSA ensure that the Council operates effectively and identify any areas for improvement.

Communications and collaboration

Communications with the FSA Board, Chief Scientific Adviser and Executive

Communications between the Council and the Board of the Food Standards Agency will generally be through the Chair except where the Council has agreed that an individual member should act on its behalf. Nevertheless, any Member has the right of access to the Board of the Food Standards Agency on any matter that he or she believes raises important issues relating to his or her duties as a Council Member. In such cases the agreement of the rest of the Council should normally be sought.
The Science Council Chair will report to the Board in person on the Science Council’s activities on an annual basis. They will also meet with the FSA Chair annually to discuss the work of the Council.
Similarly, communications between the Science Council and the FSA Executive will generally be through the Council’s Secretariat although the Science Council Chair has the right of access to the FSA Chief Scientific Adviser and Deputy CSA at all times.
Any member also has the right of access to the FSA Chief Scientific Adviser on any matter which he or she believes raises important issues relating to his or her duties as a member. In such cases the agreement of the Science Council Chair should normally be sought.

Departmental Representatives

Meetings of the Science Council and its Working Groups (or other sub-groups) are attended by Departmental Representatives. The Representatives are currently nominated by, and are drawn from, those with relevant policy interests and responsibilities in the Food Standards Agency, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and devolved agricultural departments. Representatives:

are not members of the Science Council and do not participate in Council business in the manner of members.
share with the secretariat the responsibility of ensuring that information is not unnecessarily withheld from the Council.
should make the Council aware of the existence of any information that has been withheld from the Council on the basis that it is exempt from disclosure under Freedom of Information legislation (unless that legislation provides a basis for not doing so).
keep their parent Departments informed about the Council’s work, and act as a conduit for the exchange of information. They are also charged with ensuring that their parent Departments are promptly informed of any matters which may require a response from Government.
can advise the Council on relevant policy developments and the implications of Science Council proposals.
can assist the Science Council through the provision of information and conversely, they can be updated by the Council on matters of mutual interest.

Collaboration with other committees/engagement with FSA SAC Chairs

The Council will provide challenge on how the FSA identifies, gathers and uses scientific evidence and advice (including FSA’s use of Scientific Advisory Committees and other expert advisers).
The relationship between the Council and the FSA SAC Chairs will continue to be developed. This includes the Science Council Chair attending the biannual SAC chairs’ meeting with the FSA Chief Scientific Advisor. It also involves members attending SAC meetings as guests to understand the wider body of SAC work and where appropriate encourage cross committee working.

Attending SAC meetings

Science Council members must follow an agreed code of practice when attending meetings of the following Scientific Advisory Committees:

The Advisory Committee for Social Science (ACSS)
Committee on Toxicity (COT) / Committee on Carcinogenicity (COC) / Committee on Mutagenicity (COM)
Advisory Committee on Microbiological Safety of Food (ACMSF)
Advisory Committee on Animal Feedingstuffs (ACAF)
Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP)

Council members will only have observer status at SAC meetings (if they are not already full members of that SAC). As an observer the following requirements should be followed:   

they will have a seat at the table during meetings they attend.
they must not attempt to influence the Committee's decision-making process,
they may contribute to SAC discussion at the invitation of the Chair.
They must maintain the confidentiality of the discussion until an agreed Committee opinion is finalised.
Where a Science Council member identifies a potential conflict of interest for the item under discussion, they will raise this in the meeting, and it will be handled in the same way as a conflict of interest of a member of the Committee.

Science Council attendees to SAC meetings will be copied the schedule and agenda for upcoming SAC meetings so they can confirm with the Chair/Secretariat if they wish to attend.
If any sensitive items are to be discussed on the agenda where it is necessary for Council observers to leave the room, this will be flagged ahead of time.

Interaction with stakeholders and the media

Questions or approaches from the media should normally be directed to either the Chair who will act as official Science Council spokesman or the Food Standards Agency press office. Although members are encouraged to promote the role of the Council in general terms, if asked for views on subjects that have been or are being considered by the Science Council, members should always give the line agreed by the Council.

Interests and liabilities

Declaration of interests and management of conflicts

As an independent, open and transparent advisory body the Science Council’s members must provide clear declarations of interests. The full guidance on declaration of interests for SACs should be consulted by all members, however a summary is provided below.
Not all interests are necessarily ones that will cause conflict with a member’s work with the Science Council. Interests that may be seen to have relevance to their role (either personal, non-personal or those of family/friends) or the specific topics under discussion at a Council meeting should be declared so the Secretariat can make an assessment of whether it could be considered a potential conflict of interests and what action may be needed in response.
The Secretariat maintains a register of interests for each member that is updated and published online regularly. The register of interests should contain current or previous interests (including things like employment, consultancies, memberships, investments or other personal interests) that may, in general, be seen to directly affect the perceived independence of the member or benefit from information gained whilst acting as a Council member (that is not already public).
The register of interests should be kept up-to-date and be open to the public.
At the start of the meeting the Chair should ask members to declare any interests potentially relevant to the items under discussion relating to themselves or their close family members.
Based on this information, the Chair will consult with Secretariat, FSA staff and potentially other SAC members, and decide on an approach to managing the interest.
In the case of interests declared by the Chair, the same process will apply as to when there is an absence of the chair; the relevant FSA staff are responsible for deciding whether an interest is a conflict and if so, how it should be managed. FSA staff may also request input from other Council members on appropriate action. 
The interests declared, and the chosen action should be recorded in the minutes of the meeting with the rationale for this decision.

Personal Liability of Council Members

A Council member may be personally liable if they make a fraudulent or negligent statement which results in a loss to a third party; or may commit a breach of confidence under common law or a criminal offence under insider dealing legislation, if they misuse information gained through their position.
However, the Government has indicated that individual members who have acted honestly, reasonably, and in good faith will not have to meet out of their personal resources any civil liability which they incur in execution or purported execution of their Council functions. To this effect, a formal statement of indemnity has been provided on the FSA SAC website.

Openness and publication of documents – general principles

The Council operates to the standards of openness and transparency. It will work in accordance with guidelines by the FSA and relevant guidance and rules established across Government. These include:

The cross-Government Code of Practice for Scientific Advisory Committees (CoPSAC), which includes the Principles of Scientific Advice to Government
The FSA’s Good Practice Guidelines for SACs
The provisions under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (the Act).
Science Council open meetings have agendas, papers, minutes and reports published on its website. Two meetings per year are open to the public to ensure that the Council discusses in public the key issues and outcomes from its work.
The Council publishes an annual report about its work on its website and the Council Chair will report to the FSA Board annually at an open Board meeting.

Meetings

Quorum

A quorum would be half of the total number of the appointed members including the Chair, plus one (rounded up to the nearest whole number). If the membership falls below 5 members a quorum will be full attendance by all appointed members.

Open meetings

Dates of open meetings and agendas should be published one week in advance on the Science Council website.
Published agendas should contain enough background information to allow a reader to understand why the item is being discussed.
Papers should be provided to the Council by the Secretariat at least two weeks prior to the meeting at which they are to be discussed. Where papers are circulated for comment by correspondence between meetings, the aim is to allow members 14 days to comment, where possible.

Minutes

Minutes must reflect the proceedings and discussions that take place. In addition:
- Minutes will be recorded on a non attributable basis except where the views of one or more members need recording, for example when declaring an interest.
- Minutes of open meetings of the Science Council will be made available via the Science Council’s website.
- They will be written by the Secretariat as soon as possible after the meeting to which they refer and circulated to the Chair for comment within 14 days.
- The Secretariat will amend the draft minutes open meetings in the light of Members’ comments and ensure that the amended draft is placed on the Science Council’s website.
- Any further corrections will made at the following open meeting when the minutes will be formally adopted. The final version of the open meeting minutes will then be placed on the Science Council’s website.

Working papers

To ensure openness and transparency the Council must seek to keep the public and stakeholders informed as it develops advice. The Secretariat will publish discussion papers on the Science Council website in advance of open meetings to allow interested parties to comment.
Where the Council’s disclosure of information would involve bringing into the public domain previously unpublished research, it should consider whether this could hinder the process of formal publication elsewhere and, if so, explore arrangements that avoid the problem (such as parallel publication).

Procedures for arriving at conclusions

The Council should attempt to reach a consensus on the advice it gives, recognising that this might not always be possible. In cases where decisions are particularly significant the Council should aim to reach a preliminary view which is then offered for comment either through public consultation or to stakeholder groups.
The Council should not seek unanimity at the risk of failing to recognise different views on a subject. Any significant diversity of opinion among the members of the Council which cannot be resolved should be accurately reflected in the minutes or report.

Terms and conditions of appointment

The FSA’s committees are all non-statutory and either classed as Departmental Expert Committees (DECs) or Advisory Non-Departmental Public Bodies (ANDPBs). The Science Council is a DEC, which means unlike with ANDPBs Government Ministers do not have to be consulted on individual appointments to the Council.
Independent members of the Council are initially appointed for a period of 1 to 3 years. Chairs may be appointed for up to 5 years. Members/Chairs may be asked to serve a second term, but longer service is only considered under exceptional circumstances. Members and Chairs will normally not serve for longer than 10 years continuously.
Appointments to the Council are made in accordance with the principles set out in the Nolan Report on Standards in Public Life.
The overriding principle is appointment on merit. Members are appointed for their individual qualifications and the expertise they can bring to the Council and not to represent any sectoral interests. The balance of the Council is intended to ensure that it has a wide range of expertise to draw on to enable it to advise the Board of the Food Standards Agency effectively.
Although several appointments may expire in any one year, the range of possible candidates will be limited by the needs of the Council. As far as possible, retiring members are replaced with people who have similar expertise, unless a need to change the balance of the membership is identified.
Appointments can be terminated early by either party, by giving 3 months’ notice, in writing. Should the Council be disbanded before the end of the period of appointment, appointments will terminate on dissolution. If a member is found guilty of grave misconduct their appointment will be terminated immediately.
Appointments are held subject to compliance with the Public Standards Committee Seven Principles of Public Life.
Members are expected to attend meetings regularly. The appointment may be terminated, without notice, if attendance becomes so erratic as to interfere with the good running of the Council.

Fees and Expenses

From 1 October 2024 the Science Council will receive an honorarium.

Honorarium

The Science Council will receive an annual honorarium equivalent to 10 days work (6 hours per day) per financial year. This will be paid as follows:

Chair - £4000
Member - £3000
Associate Member - £1500

The honorarium will be made in two payments. The first payment equating to half of the total honorarium will be made midway through the financial year and the final payment at the end of each financial year. If a member leaves Science Council between payments, the FSA will review with the member and provide the level of remuneration that is deemed appropriate on a case-by-case basis.

Travel and other expenses

Committee members are entitled to reimbursement of reasonable travel and subsistence expenses necessarily incurred on official committee business. Members must seek value for money and are encouraged to use the most cost effective and environmentally sustainable options for travel and accommodation. Members are encouraged to arrange their travel with as much notice as possible in order to take advantage of discounted fares and other benefits available to early bookers.

Guidance on the types and rates of expenditure that can be claimed for specific expenses is outlined below. Alcoholic drinks and newspapers are not reimbursable from public funds. Reimbursement of gratuities will only be authorised in exceptional circumstances where the Secretariat agrees that they have necessarily been incurred.

Tax liabilities arise on elements of these payments, which have been regarded as part of a Committee member’s income and are therefore taxable. Arrangements have been made whereby the FSA meets the cost of this tax (see below).

Public transport (bus, underground, tram, etc.)

There is no public transport rate for official business. Actual costs of travel are reimbursed. Any expenses incurred using public transport such as London Underground, local bus services and so on should be claimed back through the expenses procedure and tickets or receipts should be submitted with all claims.
Members are encouraged to use Oyster cards for travel on the London Underground and Bus network. Cards should be registered on-line with London Transport so that a print-out of journeys showing the cost of fares can be submitted with claims.

Where London Underground has been included in the rail ticket, further expenditure on London Underground travel is not claimable.

Rail

Members should take return tickets where appropriate and observe any other normal economies and seek ways of reducing costs for example by avoiding open returns. The cost of sleeping car accommodation may be claimed where an overnight journey is necessary. The FSA will only be able to refund standard class travel costs. Actual ticket or print-out showing date of journey, destination and class of travel must be produced, not a debit/credit card sales voucher.

Car

A mileage allowance is payable for the use of a member’s own car on official business. This is payable at the following rates for all car types:

First 10,000 miles in any tax year 50 pence per mile
Over 10,000 miles in any tax year 25 pence per mile

You will incur a personal tax liability from the payment of these mileage rates.

Members wishing to claim mileage will need to register details of their car with the FSA’s Finance Section. The Secretariat will supply the necessary forms which must be completed and returned.
Permission for car journeys exceeding 130 miles in any one day should be sought from the Secretariat. Members will be expected to travel by public transport if that is cheaper.

Please note that your car must be insured for business use. Comprehensive insurance will not be insisted upon, but members should note that no liability will be accepted in the event of any accident, damage, injury or death or in respect of risks not covered by their insurance policies

Taxi

Members should only travel by taxi where there is no viable public transport alternative or the cost will be lower than parking and / or public transport costs. Exceptions may be allowed, for example, as a reasonable adjustment for members with a mobility disability or for health and safety reasons or for members travelling alone at night. FSA central contracts with taxi providers should be used where available. Expenses incurred using taxis and other forms of public transport or car parking costs may be reimbursed through the claims procedure.

Air

For the FSA to meet its sustainability targets, domestic air travel should only be used in exceptional circumstances. Where air travel is essential, approval is needed at least two weeks in advance from the Secretariat. All air travel should be in economy class.

Accommodation

The maximum allowance for various locations is as follows:

Central London: Up to £180 per night including breakfast & VAT
Outside London: Up to £100 per night including breakfast & VAT

Note: Where room only is the only option, the cost of breakfast will be reimbursed up to a value of £5

If the Secretariat usually books accommodation for you, this will be done through the Agency’s agents Redfern Travel.

Other expenses

Other, reasonable incidental expenses necessarily incurred on Committee business (for example, for childcare, parking, postage and telephone calls) may be reimbursable. In certain circumstances, reimbursement for locum cover may be reimbursable, for example for vets and GPs who are required to provide 24-hour cover; this should be discussed and agreed in advance with the Secretariat.

All items of ‘other expenses’ should be detailed separately in claims and supported by receipts wherever possible.

Submitting claims

Members must complete the Agency’s ‘Committee Fees and Expenses Claim Form’ for claims, which is provided by the Secretariat. Members should use the electronic version and return with a digital signature.

Claim forms must be submitted within 90 days (3 months) of the relevant meeting otherwise the claim may not be processed by Finance.

Receipts (or a copy of the relevant statement with highlighted transactions if the total bill includes personal expenditure) must be attached to the appropriate claim form before it is sent to the Secretariat. Claims without receipts will not be paid. However, individual claims of under £10 for expenses on items such as Oyster Cards, where receipts cannot be obtained, will be reimbursed without a receipt, at the discretion of the Committee Secretariat.

Payment of claims

Claims are processed on behalf of the FSA through its payroll processes and are paid in accordance with monthly salary timetables i.e. the last working day of each month, via the BACS system into members’ bank accounts. Advice slips are forwarded by email.

Tax on honorarium and expenses

The honorarium paid to members will be subject to income tax and national insurance contributions depending on individual members’ circumstances. Deductions for tax and national insurance contributions will be made by the Agency before you receive payment. Payments for travel and related expenses are also liable to income tax and national insurance contributions, but members can opt for the Food Standards Agency to pay any tax on expenses on their behalf, providing they do not re-claim it from HM Revenue and Customs at a later date.

Members of pensionable age may be exempt from or have reduced liability to national insurance contributions. There may be other cases where payments to members take them over their maximum liability for national insurance contributions. In these instances, members are advised to contact the Department for Work and Pensions for further guidance. It is the responsibility of individual members to correctly raise VAT on their honorarium and expenses if they are deemed to be acting as a trader registered for VAT. If you require further guidance on this, please contact your local VAT office.

Newly appointed members are required to complete the ‘Committee Member Payroll Registration Form’ and ‘Committee Member Reimbursement of Expenses Registration Form’.

Subsistence Rates

24-hour subsistence allowance (not taxable)

Up to £25 (based on actual receipts). Plus up to £5 breakfast if not included in room rate (based on actual / receipts)

Family and friends allowance(taxable)

This allowance may be claimed to cover the expenses associated with staying with family and friends. This is a 24-hour flat rate allowance. Receipts are not required. The allowance cannot be claimed in addition to the 24-hour subsistence rate above.

£25 flat rate allowance

Day subsistence allowance (not taxable)

More than 5 hours and no official food provided: One meal (snack/refreshment)

Payable when away from the normal workplace for over 10 hours

Evening meal allowance (not taxable)

Payable when away from the normal workplace for over 12 hours and after 8pm.

Up to £5 (based on actuals/receipts)

Up to £10 (based on actuals/ receipts)

Up to £15 (based on actuals / receipts)

Review of fee rates

These rates (and consequently the Honorarium) are set by the FSA with the aim of ensuring consistent approaches across the different Committees that advise the FSA. The FSA reviews these rates every 2 years1 with the aim that any revisions will reflect the recommendations of the Senior Salaries Review Board with regard to pay in the Senior Civil Service. The FSA will also take into account comparisons with rates paid in similar advisory bodies in the UK.

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